Blockchains excel at creating public, verifiable data and representing value. However, they are inherently inefficient when it comes to storing large amounts of data, as all information must be replicated across all nodes in the network. This limitation has driven developers to rely on off-chain storage solutions for data-intensive applications, which introduces centralized trust assumptions that compromise the security and censorship resistance that blockchains are designed to provide. Moreover, off-chain data is vulnerable to unavailability or loss, yet developers and users have largely accepted this weakened security as the norm.
